From controlling blood pressure to cholesterol , there are many possible actions to reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's . Up to 40% of dementia cases could be avoided or delayed by addressing risk factors, according to the Italian Alzheimer's Federation (FAI) on the occasion of the 14th World Alzheimer's Month and the 32nd World Alzheimer's Day, celebrated today, Sunday, September 21st.

For the occasion, the Decalogue for the Prevention of Dementia, developed by Simone Salemme, a neurologist and consultant at the Istituto Superiore di Sanità, and Davide Mangani, an immunologist at the Institute for Biomedicine Research in Bellinzona, will be presented.

In addition to controlling blood pressure and cholesterol, the third rule is protecting hearing, as untreated hearing loss, often due to cost, promotes isolation and cognitive decline. Therefore, it is essential to make aids and rehabilitation accessible, and to create public spaces with assistive listening that allow access to people with hearing loss.

Sight must also be protected because seeing well maintains autonomy and cognitive stimulation.

Institutions must reduce waiting lists for cataract surgery, promote vision screenings, make eye care facilities accessible, and improve lighting and public signage. Regular physical activity is also important, as movement is one of the most effective tools for brain health; institutions, according to the Decalogue, should therefore develop "active-friendly" cities, support gyms, and encourage active mobility and public transportation.

Equally important is following the Mediterranean diet, which protects against inflammation and cognitive decline: for this reason, "Mediterranean" canteens should be guaranteed, fresh foods should be made accessible, and ultra-processed foods should be discouraged.

Say no to smoking and alcohol, which damage blood vessels, raise blood pressure, and promote inflammation and brain atrophy.